Robert Hairston

HAIRSTON.org ID#38, b. 1 April 1783, d. 7 March 1852
Father*Gen. George Stovall Hairston1 b. 20 Sep 1750, d. 5 Mar 1827
Mother*Elizabeth PERKINS1 b. 13 May 1759, d. 26 Jan 1819
Birth*Robert Hairston was born on 1 April 1783 in Henry, Virginia.2,3,1,4 
He was the son of Gen. George Stovall Hairston and Elizabeth PERKINS.1 
Tax Rolls*Robert Hairston paids property tax to Henry County from 1805 to 1830. Tax list attached.
Elected*Robert Hairston was Elected between 1813 and 1814 in Henry, Virginia; Robert Hairstone and John Dillard, Jr. were elected to the Virginia House of Delegates representing Henry County for the December 6, 1813 - February 16, 1814 session.5 
ElectedHe was Elected between 1814 and 1815 in Henry, Virginia; Robert Hairstone and Robert Allen were elected to the Virginia House of Delegates representing Henry County for the October 10, 1814 - January 19, 1815 session.5 
Marriage*He married Ruth Stovall Hairston, daughter of Peter HAIRSTON and Alcey (Elsie) PERKINS, on 15 February 1816 in Pittsylvania, Virginia; Marriage Notice:


Weekly Raliegh Register, Raliegh, North Carolina, March 15, 1816, Page 3.6,3,7 
Census 1820*Robert Hairston appeared on the census of 1820 in Pittsylvania, Virginia, Robert Hairston, males 26-44 1, females 26-44 1 (wife Ruth), slaves 45.8
WillIn Gen. George Stovall Hairston's will dated 7 March 1820 in Henry, Virginia, Robert Hairston was named as an heir; Henry County Will Book 3 page 159. FSL #7645134 image 455.9 
Census 1830*He appeared on the census of 1830 in Pittsylvania, Virginia, Robert Harston, males: 40-49 1, females, 40-49 1, slaves: 65.10
Tax Rolls1830 - Samuel, Robert and Peter Hairston, of North Carolina, pays taxes in Pittsylvania County, Virginia. - FSL #8151590 image 510.
Tax Rolls1831 - Paid taxes in Beaver Island District of Stokes County in 1831 on 1,200 acres valued at $30,216, White polls 25cts, Black polls 141. FSL #7834314 image 1190.
WillIn Peter HAIRSTON's will dated 20 February 1832 in Stokes, North Carolina, Robert Hairston was named as an heir; Stokes County North Carolina Original Wills. FSL #7640084 image 1699. - The will was also filed in Henry County, Virginia in December Term of 1832, Will Book 4, page 167. Inventory accounting is also filed in Henry County.11
Tax Rolls1834 - Robert Hairston paid tax in Sauratown, Stokes County in 1834 on 12,000 acres, $30,216 and 126 Black polls. He is listed because his wife, Ruth, inherited most of this land from her father Peter. It all ends up in court when Robert dies in 1852. FSL #7834314, image 1327.
Census 1837MS*He appeared on the 1837 Mississippi census of 1837 in Lowndes, Mississippi; 1837 Mississippi Census - Robert Hairston - 1 male 21-45, 1 female over 16, 35 male slaves, 35 female slaves, 2 free, 300 cultivated acres in 1836, 6 bales cotton in 1836 - page 22, line 17. - FSL #8131992 image 475.12
Living*Robert Hairston is living in a tent in Lowndes County, Mississippi after a 24 day horse ride from Virginia. It had been raining and he writes a letter to his wife Ruth Stovall Hairston on 14 February 1837. In the letter he writes about cotton, cattle, hogs and his poor relationship with Ruth. 
DeedOn 29 May 1839, A. B. Dearing, Hardin Hairston and Robert Hairston purchase land on the Tombigbee River at Moore's Bluff from Milton Odeneal for $22.50. (Fractional Section 15, R18E T17N.) - Lowndes Deed Book 11, page 670. FSL #8567188 image 324.
Deed*On 2 July 1839, Robert Hairston pays $900 to John H. Hand for about 800 acres in Lowndes County. (All of Section 1 NE and the NE 1/4 Section 2 of T17N R17E. This land is on Lindsey Ferry Road, about 3 miles east of US45.) -- Lowndes County Deed Book 11, page 734. FSL #8567188, image 358. 
DeedOn 3 July 1839, Robert Hairston purchases about 160 acres in Lowndes county from Samuel Butler for $1,680. (SW 1/4 Section 31 T18N R18E.) - Lowndes County Deed Book 13, page 365. FSL #8567189, image 194. 
Church Record*From about 1840 to 1844, Bethel Church services were held in a log Church on property donated by Robert Hairston.13 
Census 1840*He appeared on the census of 1840 in Pittsylvania, Virginia, Robert Hairston, males: 50-59 1, females; 40-49 1, slaves 72.14
Tax RollsLowndes County, Mississippi Tax Rolls
1840 - 2,162 acres @ $4,324, no white polls, 90 slaves (5 to 60), taxes $67.06. - page 14. FSL #8610738, image 281.
1841 - 2,162 acres @ $10,810, 20 cattle, no white polls, 95 slaves (5 to 60), taxes $98.47. - page 15. FSL #8610738, image 323.
1842 - 20 cattle, no white polls, 108 slaves between (5 to 60), taxes $81.20. - page 24. FSL #8610738, image 381.
1845 - 60 horses, 1 pistol, no white polls, 145 slaves (5 to 60), 39 slaves under 5, state tax $121.84 - page 26. FSL #4845477, image 372.
1851 - 134 cattle, 1 horse of $100, no white polls, 188 slaves between (5 to 60), state tax $59.57. county tax $59.57. - page 17. FSL #8610738, image 437.
1852 - 1 watch @ $5, 200 cattle, 1 bridge/ferry @$300, no white polls, 184 slaves (5 to 60), state tax $56.60, county tax $56.60. - page 14. FSL #8610738, image 483.
1853 - Estate of R. Hairston, dec'd.: $2,400 loaned, 80 cattle, 1 toll ferry $300, 88 slaves under 60, no white polls, $38.47 state tax, $19.23 county tax and $105.79 rail road tax. - page 18. FSL #8610738, image 529.
Travel*Robert Hairston "In 1841, unpleasant relations sprung up between himself and Mrs. Hairston, and being a whimsical and capricious man, in a sudden fit of passion, he left Virginia, where he owned several plantations, but without any intention of changing his domicil. After having left the State of Virginia he visited Europe, whence he returned to this State (Mississippi) in 1842, where he remained attending to his business down to the time of his death, which occurred in 1852."15 
TravelRobert went to Europe in 1841 and had a Daguerreotype photograph of himself taken.16,3 
DeedOn 6 June 1843, Robert Hairston purschases about 160 acres from Benjamin Cutliff of Noxubee county. Hardin Hairston was a witness. (E1/2 of SE1/4 S19 T17N R17E and W1/2 of SW1/4 S20 T17N R17E) - Lowndes Deed Book 20, page 332. FSL #8561793 image 180. 
DeedOn 2 October 1843, Robert Hairston purchases 480 acres from Ezekiel Nash for $2,386.70. (N1/2 Section 31 & SW1/4 Section 30 T18N R18E) - Lowndes County Deed B20, page 494. FSL #8567193 image 272. 
DeedOne 10 November 1843, Robert Hairston purchased about 774 acres from William J. and Mary Minter for $500. - Lowndes County Deed Book 20, page 546. FSL #8567193, image 299. 
Relocated*On 12 May 1844, Robert Hairston had 15 slaves transported on the sidewheel steamship named Fashion, under Captain Fullerton, from the port of Pontchartrain, New Orleans, to Mobile, Alabama. Their names were: males - Cupidy 22, Joe 21, Josey 11, Justin 20, Henny 19, Victor 16, Ben 21, Bill 24, Jim 15 - females - Sally 19, Everlin 25, Fanny 7, Ann 3, Elizabeth 20, Frances 22.
DeedOn 18 August 1846, Robert Hairston purchases about 555 acres from John Halbert for $1,000. (on Tombigbee river, T20S R18W - Section 1 NW1/4 155a and Section 1 SW1/4 160a and Section 1 S1/2 of W1/2 of NE1/4 Section 1 160a and Section 1 S1/2 of W1/2 of NE1/4 Section 1 40a and Section 12 W1/2 of NE1/4 80a and Section 12 NW1/4 fractional about 120a) - Lowndes Deed Book 22, page 362. FSL #8546901 image 203. 
DeedOn 14 April 1847, Robert purchased 120 acres from John H. Riley for $750. (Lot #1 Section 2, T20S R18W) - Lowndes Deed Book 23, page 78. FSL #8540048 image 47. 
DeedOn 3 February 1848, Robert Hairston purchased about 640 acres of land from Robert McGowen for $120 in Lowndes County, on the Tombigbee River. (T20S R18W SEC 1, Huntsville P. M. - This land appears to be at Hairston's Bend, near Moore's Bluff.) - Lowndes County Deed Book 24, page 383. FSL #8540048, image 555. 
DeedOn 23 October 1848, Robert Hairston purchases land from Nimrod N. Nash for $5,117.87. This land includes the plot for a town named Nashville and there was a port and a ferry here on the Tombigbee River. The land was originally called Young's Bluff. There was a major flood in 1847 and the hopes of the town died. - Lowndes Deed Book 24, page 136. FSL #8540048, image 422. 
DeedOn 20 December 1848, Robert Hairston buys land from S. L. Lincecum for $1,914. (N1/2 of SW1/4 of Section 15, Lot #1 in Fractional Section 21, Lot #1 Section 17, S1/2 Fractional Section 21, S1/2 Sec 21 T20S R17W) - Lowndes Deed Book 24, page 382. FSL #8540048 image 555. 
DeedOn 1 January 1849, Robert Hairston purchases 678 acres from John R. Sanders for $65. (T17N R18E Lots 2 & 7 quarter of Section 3 - 78 acres) - Lowndes Deed Book 24, p230. FSL #8540048 image 474. 
DeedOn 1 August 1849, Robert purchased 120 acres from Edmond Harrison of Mobile, for $150. (W1/2 of SE1/4 & the NE1/4 od SE1/4 of Section 26 T19S R18W). - Lowndes Deed Book 24, page 576. FSL #8540048 image 659. 
Census 1850 Agri*He appeared on the Mississippi Agriculture Census of 1850 in Lowndes, Mississippi, In 1850, he had 4,975 acres in Lowndes County (the 4050 figure for unimproved land, on page 4, appears to be an error, it should be 405) Pages 3, 4, 11, 13. FSL #7942515 image 69, 70, 77, 79.
Census 1850 Slave*He was listed as a slave owner in the 1850 Slave Inhabitants census on 23 September 1850 in Lowndes, Mississippi, He owned 63 slaves.17
Census 1850*He appeared on the census of 23 November 1850 in Lowndes, Mississippi; Robert Hairston 67.
Will*Robert Hairston left 3 different wills that were contested in several court cases in Mississippi and Virginia.

1. Will #1, dated 22 September 1841 - Henry County, Va. Will Book 5, page 226 - FSL #7645135 image 407
Heirs were George Hairston#393 (Samuel's son), Robert Hairston#113 (Hardin's son), Robert Hairston#394 (Samuel's son) and Robert Hairston#58 (George's son).

2. Will #2, dated 6 March 1852 (written day before Robert died) - Lowndes Co., Miss. Probate Book K, page 707 - FSL #5835946 image 738
Heirs were nephew George Hairston#108 (son of Hardin) and Chrilhile - "the daughter of Elizabeth, my house servant".

3. Will #3, dated 7 March 1852 (Robert was on his death bed and died shortly after signing will #3) - Lowndes Co., Miss. Probate Book K, page 456 - FSL #5835946 image 600
Heir was Chrimbell.

Outcome: The courts determined that Wills #1 & #2 were invalid because Will #3 stated it was his "last will and testament". However, under Mississippi law it was illegal to use a will to free a slave or leave them property, so Items #2 & #3 were invalid. Also, Robert Hairston was still legally married to his wife, Ruth Stovall Hairston#835, and she was entitled to part of his estate. Therefore, Will #3 was valid, but since there were no legal heirs listed in the will, the courts divided Robert's property among his wife Ruth, his brothers and his sister.
Hairston.org

Note: Chrimhiel, Chrishiel, Chrishile, Chrimhill are some of various spellings for the same person in transcripts of Robert Hairston's Wills #2 and #3 and other court documents.

Transcripts of the three wills are attached.18
Death*He died on 7 March 1852 at 3:55 PM in Lowndes, Mississippi, at age 68.2,3 
Burial*He was buried in Hairston Cemetery, Lowndes, Mississippi.2

 
ProbateAn inventory of the estate of Robert Hairston was performed on 12 May 1852 by John W. Adams, John M. Witherspoon, John C. Cox, Jr. and E. Falgham. - Lowndes County Probate Book K, pages 532-540. FSL #5835946 image 643.19 
NewspaperOn 18 September 1852, an Administrator's Notice was published in the Columbus Democrat newspaper, page 3, for the estate of Major Robert Hairston (1783-1852). The estate administrator was George Hairston (1811-1885). 
ProbateOn 16 November 1852, 43 pages were recorded in the Lowndes County Probate Records Book regarding the court case relating to the will and property of the estate of Robert Hairston. The Black Flat Plantation (1,721 acres), Pepper Plantation (773 acres), Bend Plantation, Nashville Plantation, Moores Bluff (1,365 acres), Choctaw Springs (310 acres), River Lands (2,105 acres), Township No. 20 (2,520 acres) and the McGowan Lands (1,120 acres) are mentioned. - Lowndes County Probate Records Book K, pages 637 to 679. FSL #5835946 image 698.20 
Tax RollsThe 1853 Lowndes County tax records show the following for R. Harston (estate): $2,400 loaned to others, 80 cattle, 1 toll bridge/ferry $300, 88 slaves under 60, no white polls, $38.47 state tax, $19.23 county tax and $105.79 rail road tax. - Lowndes County Tax 1853, page 18. FSL #8610738, image 529. 
Tax RollsThe 1853 Lowndes County tax records show the following for Ruth S. Harston: 88 cattle, 91 slaves under 60, 0 free white polls, $34.68 state tax, $17.34 county tax and $95.36 rail road tax. Lowndes County Tax 1853, page 18. FSL #008610738, image 529.
ProbateHis estate inventory was finished on 22 January 1853. Lowndes County Probate Records, Book L, page 51-56. FSL 5835947 image 55.20 
Tax RollsIn the 1855 Land Tax Roll Lowndes County, Robert Hairston's Estate is taxed on 3,917 acres.21 
Tax RollsIn the 1855 Land Tax Roll Lowndes County, Mississippi, Ruth S. Hairston is taxed on 5,072 acres.21 
ProbateOn 1 January 1856, the Mississippi slaves of the estate of Robert Hairston, deceased, were divided among his brothers and sisters as follows:
To Ruth Hairston's heirs #48: Henry - Barbary and 2 children - Rachael - Dolly - Anthony - John - Josh - Joe - Lewis - Bluff Bill.
To Samuel Hairston #40: Ben - Delia & 2 children - Phil - Jane and child - Elijah - Julia - William - Ann - Wesley - Sydney.
To George Hairston #39: Peter - Jenny - Indiana - Arkliss - Bud - Harriet - Isam and Lucy - Mary King - Jim, Aggy and child - Charles Paine - Old Harry.
To Marshall Hairston #47: Jeffery - Judy - Robb - Elvira - Nancy - Ginett - Joana - Isaac - Matt - Soleman - Christopher.
To Hardin Hairston #22: Ben - Maria and child - Rosetta - Green - Jenny - Jack and Martha - Alley - Ellck - Allen - Onee - Abb.
To America Hairston Calloway #46: Creed - Rachael and children - Margaret - Pleas and Nelly - John and Mary - Fillis and child - Othello - Lucretia and child.
To John Hairston's heirs #45: George - Alcey - Morris - Robert - Jinsey - Randall - Frank - Alfred - Mary and 2 children - Scott - Elizabeth - Charles -Henry.
Lowndes Probate Book M, page 680-682. FSL #7637551, images 385-386. - Hairston.org. 
Court RecordGeorge Hairston CALLAWAY; 1888 - George H. Calloway, by next friend (guardian) vs N. E. Hairston, Marshall Hairston, Samuel Hairston, George Hairston, Hardin Hairston, John A. Hairston, Ruth S. Hairston, America Hairston and Mrs. Bethania Pannill. The complaint is that George H. Callaway, who is a lunatic (determined by the court to be mentally ill), is claiming he should be an heir to the estate of Robert Hairston (1783-1852). - Lowndes County Chancery Court Case File #782. FSL #8631779 image 18. 
NewspaperThe following article appeared under Book Reviews, "The Journal of Mississippi History", Volume LXII, Spring 2001

The Hairstons: An American Family Black and White. By Henry Wiencek. (New York: St. Martin's Press.1999. Genealogical tables, maps" photographs. notes and index. pp. xx, 361. $24.95.)

"This book is a valuable addition to the growing body of literature on the complex relationships between American slaveholders and the enslaved and the effects of those relationships after emancipation, up to the present time. It will inevitably be compared to Edward Balls recent bestseller, Slaves in the Family, though with important differences: Ball writes as a southerner troubled by guilt: Wiencek describes himself as "a Northerner adrift in the heart of the old Confederacy" (3). Researching his 1991 book. Old Houses. Wiencek became fascinated by the southern people he encountered -- white families seemingly mired in Faulknerian decay: black ones, by contrast, proud and confident. "As I interviewed the occupants of these venerable places, I heard history not as a historian would write it but as a novelist would imagine it" (5). For better or worse, a novelistic tendency runs throughout The Hairstons, shaping the author's conclusions.

Wiencek discovered the Hairston family while visiting Cooleemee Plantation, in Davie County, North Carolina. In 1861 the white Hairstons owned forty-five plantations in three states (including Mississippi) and as many as 10,000 slaves. Not only the descendants of the white Hairstons but also those of their slaves (some of whom are descendants of white Hairstons as well) have maintained their collective memory of slavery, and, as the media have frequently reported, many descendants of Hairston slaves are members of a black Hairston family association. In the course of his research, Weincek immersed himself in the immense Hairston plantation archives (some 25,000 items) and scoured public records in many states. In addition, he identified and interviewed many descendants of Hairston slaves to obtain their oral histories, an essential undertaking in view of the paucity of records of the African American victims of slavery.

At the heart of the book lies the dramatic story of Chrillis, a slave girl who was the daughter of Robert Hairston (1785-1852). a wealthy planter of Lowndes County, Mississippi. Robert attempted, by his deathbed will to free Chrillis and to leave all his property to her. Wiencek: concludes that the white Hairstons conspired to defeat the girl's legitimate interests in court, partly by claiming that she had died, when in fact she had been spirited away to another plantation under a different name. After emancipation she reappeared, to become the mistress of Robert's nephew ("Major George, by whom she bore several children. After his death, she attempted to recover from his estate property that he had promised to her, but she again met defeat in the courts at the hands of the white Hairstons. By the use of Chrillis's story -- which is more than a little reminiscent of Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! -- the author frames an engrossing morality tale wherein the slaveholders are doomed by their sin of holding even their own children in bondage. Their fate is ultimate economic destruction in the whirlwind of war and Reconstruction. In contrast, their freed slaves endure and even thrive.

It is a compelling narrative, one currently being adapted as a CBS miniseries. Judged as history, however, there are serious errors in fact and interpretation. In particular, the central legal drama surrounding Chrillis is seriously weakened when one realizes that, under Mississippi law, Robert's will was ineffective either to free Chrillis or to leave property to her. The legislature had determined that an attempt to emancipate a slave in the manner provided in Robert's will was invalid, and Mississippi case law held that a devise of property to a slave by will was void. Thus the white Hairstons had no need to defeat Chrillis's claims under Robert's will - the legislature and courts had already done it for them. This fact fatally undermines the author's conclusion that - "Major George" by offering Robert's deathbed will for probate, acted as the girl's "protector'" (96). In fact, the deathbed will was offered for probate for the sole purpose of revoking an 1841 will in which Robert preferred certain of his white relatives over others.

As this example suggests, strict historical accuracy and accountability are not the emphasis here: oral history is weighed about equally with documentary, and the endnotes are loosely keyed to whole pages rather than to sentences or paragraphs. Taken on its own terms, however, The Hairstons offers a powerful narrative that has already moved many readers with its message of hope that the descendants of slaveholders and enslaved can, by sharing their common heritage openly, contribute to the closing of our nation's racial divide."

GEORGE F. MAYNARD
BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA.16,22,23,15,24 

Family

Ruth Stovall Hairston b. 13 Jul 1783, d. 22 Apr 1869
ChartsDescendant Chart (#1)
Descendant Chart (#2)
Descendant Chart Box (#1)
Descendant Chart Box (#2)

Sources (www.HAIRSTON.org)

  1. [S249] George Hairston Family Bible - 1750-1916, Peter Hairston Bible - 1750-1928, The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, Translated Out of the Original Greek: and with the Former Translations Diligently Compared and Revised. Cooperstown, (N.Y.) Sterotyped, Printed and Published by H. & E. Phinney, 1829., Library of Virginia.
  2. [S17] Hairston Cemetery, Lowndes County, Mississippi, Information and photographs gathered from personal visits.
  3. [S24] Hall, Wm. Kearney 1918-2011. Descendants of Nicholas Perkins of Virginia. 1957 Ann Arbor, Michigan., Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  4. [S3500] Bible - Marshall Hairston 1750, owned by Mrs. Anne Covington of "Beavercreek" transcribed by Mrs. Lillian Schwertz and printed in "Local History & Genealogical Society" Volume VII, March 1961, Number 1. (NOTE: There are several errors in this transcription.), Family Search Library, Salt Lake City, Utah.
  5. [S3579] Fourteenth Annual Report of the Library Board of the Virginia State Library 1916 - 1917 , Richmond: Virginia State Library, Division of Purchase and Printing, 1917 https://hdl.handle.net/2027/osu.32435031019854, Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  6. [S22] Hairston, Elizabeth Seawell, The Hairstons and the Penns and Their Relations, Roanoke, Virginia 1940., Ancestry.com.
  7. [S3812] Bible of Peter Hairston - Saura Town Hill, Dan River, Stokes, North Carolina. The Holy Bible Inclusinf The Old and New Testaments, and the Apocrypha..., London: Printed for C. G. J. and I. Robinson, Pater-Noster Row. 1793., Library of Virginia.
  8. [S1820] 1820 Federal Census - National Archives and Records Administration - Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org.
  9. [S3296] Will of George Stovall Hairston -1820 - copy of will recorded in case #1833-008, Amos A. Atkinson & Wife vs. Exrs. of George Hairston, Chancery Records, Library of Virginia, Library of Virginia.
  10. [S1830] 1830 Federal Census - National Archives and Records Administration - Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org.
  11. [S3065] Will of Peter Hairston - 20 Feb 1832, Stokes County, North Carolina, Wills Vol, 1-2, pages 241-242.
  12. [S1837] 1837 Mississippi Census - National Archives and Records Administration - Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org.
  13. [S3] Baird, Rev. E. T.; Historical Sketch of the Bethel Presbyterian Church, Lowndes County, Miss Prepared for the Semi-Centennial Celebration, June 21, 1884 - Columbus, Mississippi - 1885 - https://www.hairston.org/ui140.htm
  14. [S1840] 1840 Federal Census - National Archives and Records Administration - Ancestry.com and FamilySearch.org.
  15. [S3799] Mississippi. High Court of Errors and Appeals, et al.. Cases Argued And Decided In the Supreme Court of Mississippi ... Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1855., Hathi Trust Digital Library.
  16. [S118] Research and Papers of Judge Peter W. Hairston.
  17. [S10] 1850 Slave Census - National Archives and Records Administration.
  18. [S96] Lowndes County Mississippi Will Books, Lowndes County Courthouse,.
  19. [S3317] Lowndes County Chancery Court Records, Lowndes County Courthouse,.
  20. [S3839] Lowndes County Chancery Court Records, unknown repository.
  21. [S3830] Neault, Carolyn Burns and Lancaster, Gary J. 1855 Land Tax Roll Lowndes County, Mississippi, Columbus-Lowndes County, Mississippi Library.
  22. [S261] The Daily Dispatch, Richmond, Virginia.
  23. [S3498] Book review of Henry Wiencek's "The Hairstons: An American Family Black and White" by George F. Maynard and published in "The Journal of Mississippi History", Volume LXII, Spring 2001. page 84., Personal Collection - copy.
  24. [S3801] Mississippi. High Court of Errors and Appeals, Vol. XXX, by James Z. George, Vol. 1, December Term 1855 and a part of the April Term, 1856. Philadelphia: T. & J. W. Johnson & Co., 1857., Hathi Trust Digital Library.
Last Edited8 Nov 2025